List of Arbitrators

The list of arbitrators comprises a total of 36 individuals with qualifications in the field of law or history/art history. The criteria for selection are set out in Annex 1 to the Rules of Arbitration. Legally qualified members must either be judges, qualified to hold judicial office in Germany, or demonstrate an equivalent international legal qualification. In the latter two cases, multiple years of professional experience in alternative dispute resolution is required additionally. Members with qualifications in the field of history shall have in-depth expertise in twentieth-century German history, in particular National Socialism or provenance research relating to Nazi-looted cultural property.

Appointment to the list of arbitrators is for a term of five years. This may be extended once for an additional five years. If proceedings continue beyond the end of a member’s term, that appointed member remains in office until the conclusion of the ongoing case.

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  • Jurist, Verfügbar ab dem 3. Quartal 2026

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Judge at the Local Court; currently seconded to the Hessian Ministry of Justice
    Verantwortungsbereich:
    Education for legal clerks, support of legislative procedures, Law Student Examination Authority (drafting exams in the Second State Examination in the field of criminal law)
    Founding member and member of the board of the Jüdischer Juristenverband in Deutschland e.V.

    Education / Academic Background
    Doctorate in Insolvency Law, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 2023
    Master’s degree LL.M., University of Pennsylvania Law School, Philadelphia, 2019
    Second State Examination, Hessen, 2016
    First State Examination, Rheinland-Pfalz, 2014
    Studied at the Universität Passau and the Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Arbitrator at the Gerichtshof des Zentralrats der Juden in Deutschland.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    University lecturer, arbitrator, mediator and digital entrepreneur

    Education / Academic Background
    1994 Habilitation (Post-doctoral degree) in Law at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Thesis: „Mediation. Struktur, Chancen und Risiken von Vermittlung im Konflikt“ (Mediation: Structure, Opportunities and Risks of Dispute Resolution);
    1995-2020 Chair of Civil Law, Civil Procedure and International Business Law at the European University Viadrina;
    Since 2003 Honorary Professor of Mediation at the University of Vienna;
    Since 1997 Visiting Professor and Lecturer at various international universities, including King’s College London (UK), University of Klagenfurt (AUT), Renmin University Bejing (China), and the University of St. Gallen (CH);
    1990 Visiting Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley (USA).

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Since 1996, one of Germany's leading business mediators, specialising in dispute resolution between major corporations and within the public sector;
    Since 2005, arbitrator in a wide range of national and international disputes, including DIS, ICC (Paris) and CAS (Court of Arbitration for Sport, Lausanne);
    Since 2004, advisor to the German Federal Government in complex arbitration proceedings, including the Toll Collect case;
    2002 Recipient of the Sokrates Award for Mediation.

  • Historian

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Deputy Director of the Leibniz Institute for Contemporary History (Institut für Zeitgeschichte München-Berlin), overall responsibility for the institute within the board of directors. Adjunct professor at the Ludwig Maximilians Universität München.

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied history, political science, and philosophy in Münster and Bonn; extended research stays for dissertation and habilitation in France, Great Britain, Poland, and the United States; doctorate in 1993/94 in Bonn, habilitation in 2002 in Munich. Erasmus visiting professor in Edinburgh in 2000; DAAD long-term lecturer and associate professor & reader in Nottingham from 2002 to 2012; returned to Germany in 2012 and has held his current position since then.

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Research focus on the history of National Socialism and its international relations with corresponding publications over the past three decades; member of the “Taskforce Schwabinger Kunstfund”.

  • Historiker

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Since 2013 Distinguished Professor of History and Seymour and Lillian Abensohn Chair in Israel Studies and Director of the Center for Israel Studies at the American University in Washington DC
    Since 1997 Professor of Jewish History and Culture at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (2024-2028 on leave)
    Since 2013 International President of the Leo Baeck Institute for the Study of German-Jewish History
    Member of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, the Accademia Nazionale Virgiliana in Mantua and the American Academy for Jewish Research.

    Education / Academic Background
    Ph.D., Columbia University, New York, Jewish History, 1993
    Master of Arts in Jewish Studies and History from the College of Jewish Studies and the Universität Heidelberg, 1988
    Visiting professorships at Berkeley, Stanford, Johns Hopkins, Haifa, CEU Budapest, Vienna, Lucerne, Zurich, and Paris

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Research and numerous publications on 20th-century Jewish history
    Member of academic advisory boards of various Jewish museums, currently the Jewish Museum Berlin and the US Holocaust Memorial Museum, previously also the Jewish Museums in Vienna, Fürth, and Augsburg, as well as the Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial (KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg) and the Bavarian Memorial Foundation (Stiftung Bayerische Gedenkstätten)

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Judge at the Federal Court of Justice since 2011, member of the Civil Panel, responsible for private insurance law and inheritance law

    Education / Academic Background
    Study of law in Göttingen, First State Examination 1990, Legal Clerkship and Second State Examination in law; Master’s Degree at the University of California (UCLA) 1992/1993; PhD Thesis 1996 “Die Entstehung der Rechtstheorie im 19. Jahrhundert in Deutschland“; Public prosecutor and judge at the Local Court and Regional Court Hannover; seconded as judicial clerk to the Federal Constitutional Court (2002-2006); judge at the High Court in Celle (from 2006); seconded as head of unit to the Lower Saxony Ministry of Justice, responsible for public law and the Federal Council; since 2001, part-time managing editor of the “Archives for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy” (ARSP)

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    As part of the secondment to the Federal Constitutional Court inter alia. concerned with questions relating to the resolution of unresolved property issues in connection with the reunification of Germany; focus on inheritance law since working at the High Court in Celle.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Retired since 1 November 2025

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied law at the Universität Bielefeld from 1982 to 1989 graduated with a degree and qualified to hold judicial office in Germany
    1990 research assistant at the Universität Bielefeld
    1990 to 2009 judge in Labour Courts in various locations. Working additionally as an author for scientific publications and as chairperson of conciliation committees in accordance with the Works Constitution Act
    (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz – BetrVG) or the Personnel Representation Act (Landes Personalvertretungsgesetz - LPersVG NRW)
    From 2009 to 2025 mayor of the city of Bielefeld, serving on various supervisory boards and other committees
    From 2010 to 2025 member of the board of the Städtetag NRW, from 2014 to 2022 alternating every two years as chair or deputy-chair, from 2018 to 2025 Member of the Presidium of the Association of German Cities (Deutscher Städtetag), serving as Deputy President from 2022 to 2025. 2013 and 2017 member of the Federal Assembly for the election of the Federal President

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    As a judge, chairperson of conciliation committees, and mayor constantly involved in understanding the mutual interests in complex conflicts and working toward amicable solutions through a fair balance of interests. Applying various regulatory frameworks (especially labor law, works constitution law, and public law) in different roles in order to reach decisions.
    As mayor and member of the Presidium of the Association of German Cities, concerned with the issue of Nazi-looted cultural property. The Presidium of the Städtetag NRW promoted the Standing Offers to its members. The city of Bielefeld has already submitted a Standing Offer.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Until June 2025, managing director of the Association of German Cities and concurrently director of the Association of Cities North Rhine-Westphalia. Politically responsible for all areas of local government policy, representing the interests of cities and their companies and institutions in federal and state politics. Retired since July 2025.

    Education / Academic Background
    Trained as a higher non-technical civil servant in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (graduated with a degree in public administration) and studied law at the University of Cologne. Second state law examination.

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Experience with political/legal dispute resolution within the Association of German Cities, with a focus on facilitating compromise by bringing together the interests of the association's members and urban societies on an equal footing. Supporting the political debate on how urban museums should deal with Nazi-looted cultural property.

  • Historian

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Director of the Brandenburg Memorials Foundation (Stiftung Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten)

    Education / Academic Background
    Ph.D., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (under Prof. Hockert). Studies of contemporary history, doctorate focusing on Jewish history and the history of Nazi crimes

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Ph.D. on tax authorities as a persecutor (“Der Fiskus als Verfolger. Die steuerliche Diskriminierung der Juden in Bayern 1933-1941“); studies on forced labor and publication of biographies of persecuted persons; in-depth work on legal, social, scientific and museological forms of reappraising Nazi legacy, as well as approaches regarding remembrance culture, which resulted in numerous publications, including on looted art and restitution. Since 2018, director of Memorials Foundation, responsible for seven memorial sites in the federal state of Brandenburg, which are primarily dedicated to the memory of the victims of Nazi crimes and their scientific and educational reappraisal (e.g., Ravensbrück and Sachsenhausen Memorials); teaching students in these subject areas at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

  • Historian, Provenance research

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Historian and independent researcher

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied history, Doctorate in 2003 from FU Berlin

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Since 2006, collection of material on the Berlin auction house Hans W. Lange (1937-1945) and the Berlin art trade during the Nazi era, research on issues of confiscation and exploitation in the Nazi state, on the social history of the actors in the art market of the time, its participants, sellers, and buyers.
    2014 founding member of the Arbeitskreis Provenienzforschung (Research Association for Provenance Research) as well as of the association Tracing the Past e.V., 2017/18 member of the board of the Arbeitskreis Provenienzforschung
    Publications: https://carolineflick.de/wer/cs/

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Managing Partner at Gelbart Legal Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied law at the Universität Frankfurt am Main and Universität Mainz, Legal Clerkship at the Higher Regional Court Brandenburg

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
     Judge at the High Court of Arbitration at the Central Council for Jews in Germany

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Chair of Civil Law, Civil Procedure, European Private Law and Procedure at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
    Judge at the Higher Regional Court of Munich (14th civil senate)
    Member of the management board of the Munich Center for Dispute Resolution (MuCDR), LMU Munich, Faculty of Law
    Deputy Chairperson of the Executive Board of the Association of German Jurists (Deutscher Juristentag)
    Deputy Chairperson of the Executive Board of the Zivilrechtslehrervereinigung
    Co-editor of beck-online.GROSSKOMMENTAR on civil procedure law and beck-online.GROSSKOMMENTAR on civil law (BeckOGK)

    Education / Academic Background
    Studies of law in Göttingen, Tübingen, and Aix-en-Provence (Qualification: maîtrise en droit, mention droit international)
    First and second state examination in Baden-Württemberg
    Doctorate at the Universität Tübingen
    Habilitation at the Universität Bonn
    Prior to accepting the chair in Munich, chair at the Universität Augsburg, and prior to that university professor at the LMU München
    Calls to the universities Tübingen, Potsdam, and Zürich rejected.
    Guest professorships, inter alia, at Universitat de Barcelona, Université Jean Moulin, Lyon 3, Pepperdine University, School of Law, and University of Pittsburgh, School of Law

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Research focus on civil law, civil procedure law, and European civil procedure law
    Since January 2011 Judge at the Higher Regional Court of Munich (14th civil senate)

  • Historian

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Director of the Leibniz Institute for Contemporary History (Institut für Zeitgeschichte München-Berlin),
    Chair for Contemporary History, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Education / Academic Background
    2023-2025: Chair for Contemporary History,  University of Bayreuth
    2019-2023: Professor for Contemporary History, University of Münster
    2009-2019: Associate Professor for Modern and Contemporary History, University of  Münster
    2015-2019: Principal Investigator, Collaborative Research Centre / SFB 1150 „Cultures of Decision-Making“ funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), University of Münster
    2018: Habilitation, University of Trier, Habilitation thesis: „Familienwerte im gesellschaftlichen Wandel: Debatten über Ehescheidung, Frauenarbeit und Reproduktion in den USA des 20. Jahrhunderts“
    2009-2016: PI of the DFG-funded Emmy Noether-Group “Family values in social change: The American family in the 20th century” at the University of Münster
    2002-2009: Research Associate, chair of Modern and Contemporary History, University of Freiburg im Breisgau2001: PhD in Modern and Contemporary History at University of Freiburg im Breisgau
    1998-2001: Research assistant, History Department, University of Freiburg im Breisgau

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Ph Dissertation: “Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut: Das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die nationalsozialistische Rassenpolitik im besetzten Europa, 1939 – 1945“, numerous publications and research projects on Nazi racial and resettlement policy, Nazi forced labor, and the history of science under National Socialism, regular expert opinions inter alia for the Federal Office for Unresolved Property Issues (Bundesamt für offene Vermögensfragen), numerous advisory board activities, including for the Topography of Terror (Stiftung Topographie des Terrors) in Berlin and Villa ten Hompel, Münster

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    President of the Bavarian constitutional court and the Higher Regional Court of Munich

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied law at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,
    First and Second State Examination in Bavaria, Doctorate at the Law Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Active in the field of “remembrance culture,”
    Initially a member, since 2023 chairperson of the board of the Förderverein und Freundeskreis des NS-Dokumentationszentrums München

  • Historian, Provenance research

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Provenance Researcher at the Freien Deutschen Hochstift/Goethe-Museum Frankfrut, area of responsibility: paintings, prints, manuscripts (since 2019)

    Education / Academic Background
    University studies, doctorate on the topic of lost art and cultural property: „Kunst und Kulturgutraub in Frankreich und der Sowjetunion. Eine vergleichende Studie zur Besatzungspolitik“, Heidelberg, 2000

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Research focus on the Nazi-looted art and cultural property in Germany and abroad, and the history of the art trade in the 20th century.
    Provenance researcher at the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart and the Landesmuseum Württemberg (2009-2017), provenance researcher at the Oberfinanzdirektion Berlin (now Federal Office for Central Services and Unresolved Property Issues (BADV)): inspection of artworks from the remaining holdings of the Munich Collecting Point (2000-2002), mandate holder for the Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland – Second World War (“Unabhängigen Expertenkommission der Schweiz – Zweiter Weltkrieg“). Scientific research into the Transfer of Looted Cultural Property in and through Switzerland (1998-2000), publication “Fluchtgut-Raubgut" (Zurich 2000), together with Georg Kreis and Esther Tisa Francini, participation in the “Washington Conference” in 1998, freelance work for the Jewish Claims Conference, Frankfurt (1992-1999)

  • Historian

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Professor of Modern and Contemporary History and History Didactics at the Universität Erfurt. Main research areas: History of National Socialism and its aftermath, history of the GDR and the period of transformation, history of the modern welfare state in Europe, culture of remembrance / public history.

    Education / Academic Background
    Master's degree in history, political science, and economics at LMU München and research assistant at the History Department of LMU München. 2001 Doctorate with a study on the history of the welfare state after 1945 at LMU München. 2001-2004: Head of the working group for a research project on the fiscal plundering of Jews during the Nazi era at LMU, which resulted in, among other things, the monograph “Finanzverwaltung und Judenverfolgung. Die Entziehung jüdischen Vermögens in Bayern während der NS-Zeit“. Subsequently, from 2004 to 2011, temporary Academic Councillor (Akademische Rätin auf Zeit) at the History Department of LMU München, involved in the research project on the history of the Reich Ministry of Finance during the Nazi era at the Federal Ministry of Finance. 2011 Habilitation at LMU Munich with the monograph “Bürokratie und Verbrechen. Antisemitische Finanzpolitik und Verwaltungspraxis im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland“ (awarded the Ernst Fraenkel Prize by the Wiener Holocaust Library, London, among others). After two deputy chairs at the Universität Erfurt (2011-2012) and the Freie Universität Berlin (2012-2013), since 2013 Professor of Modern and Contemporary History and History Didactics at the Universität Erfurt. 2015 offer of appointment to the University of Leipzig (declined).

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Since 2001, research on Nazi state crimes and their consequences up to the present day, with a focus on the plundering of Jews. Research on the post-history of National Socialism, especially with regard to redress for Nazi injustices and developments in the culture of remembrance. Head of several research projects on this topic and publication of monographs, anthologies, and essays on Nazi art theft cases and persecution networks, expert opinions in cases on Nazi-looted art.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Chair of Civil Law and Modern Legal History, Europa-Universität Viadrina

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied law, 2005 First State Examination and 2010 Second State Examination, Doctorate (Dr. iur., 2011), Habilitation (2021)

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Head of the Office of the Advisory Commission 2020–2023

  • Art Historian, Provenance research

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Independent provenance researcher

    Education / Academic Background
    Dr. phil., Contemporary History, University of Vienna, 2015
    M. A., Art History, Columbia University, 1995
    B. A., Bryn Mawr College, 1992

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Art and contemporary historian specializing in provenance research. Key topics of academic work include: private art collecting and patronage in Vienna before 1938, Nazi art theft, and art restitution since 1945. Numerous publications, including the monographs »Was einmal war: Handbuch der enteigneten Kunstsammlungen Wiens« (2003) and »Feindliche Gewalten: Das Ringen um Gustav Klimts Beethovenfries« (2017). Knowledge transfer projects on remembrance culture and the politics of history, most recently, the design of the permanent exhibition »Schaltstelle des Terrors« (2025) on the former Central Office for Jewish Emigration (»Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung Wien«).
    In addition to her academic work, Lillie has about thirty years of experience in restitution practice. From 1995 to 2001, worked on restitution issues for the Jewish Community of Vienna (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien) as Director of its Holocaust Victims’ Information and Support Center. Since 2001, she has been working independently as a provenance researcher, advising private individuals, cultural institutions, and organizations, as well as serving as an expert and lecturer. From 2014 to 2016, member of the »Taskforce Schwabinger Kunstfund«.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Former alderman (Beigeordneter) to the Deutscher Städte- und Gemeindebund (German Association of Towns and Municipalities)
    (former head of the department for law and culture, constitutional and administrative law inter alia)

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied law
    31 January 1984 Second State Examination in law (qualification fur judicial office)

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Member oft the foundation Board of the German Lost Art Foundation (Stiftung Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste) until retirement in December 2023, contributed to the “Guidelines for implementing the Statement by the Federal Government, the Länder and the national associations of local authorities on the tracing and return of Nazi-confiscated art, especially Jewish property” („Handreichung zur Umsetzung der "Erklärung der Bundesregierung, der Länder und der kommunalen Spitzverbände zur Auffindung und zur Rückgabe NS-verfolgungsbedingt entzogenen Kulturgutes, insbesondere aus jüdischem Besitz“),Honorary judge at the Federal Social Court (Bundessozialgericht - BSG)

  • Historian

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Member of the Academic Advisory Board of the Fritz Bauer-Institute and the Vienna Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied History and Philosophy at the Universität Bochum, from 2005 until March 2025 Director of the research department at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC.

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Research on the history of Nationalsocialism with a focus on the Holocaust. Until 2021, member of the advisory board of the Topography of Terror Foundation (Stiftung Topographie des Terrors); author, editor, and contributor to specialist publications on the Holocaust; recent publications include: “Gerahmte Gewalt. Fotoalben von Deutschen im ‘Osteinsatz’ und die Erinnerung an den Zweiten Weltkrieg, Berlin: Metropol, 2025; (ed. with Mary Fulbrook) and “Perpetrating the Holocaust: Policies, Participants, Places” (Cambridge History of the Holocaust, Vol. 2), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2025.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Lawyer in Luxembourg, Managing and Founding Partner at the law firm MOYSE & ASSOCIATES. Specialized in criminal law, European law, human rights, and public law, in court proceedings and mediation.

    Education / Academic Background
    Maîtrise de droit (Master’s degree in law) – Strasbourg (France) 1989;
    Maîtrise de Sciences Politiques (Master’s degree in political sciences, Strasbourg (France), 1990

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Chief negotiator in Luxembourg for the agreement between the Jewish community and the state on restitutions in 2021; Expert on looted cultural property, currently involved in research on looting of Jewish property in World War II in Luxembourg; general knowledge of restitution in cases of Nazi-looted Jewish cultural property during World War II.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Since 2025 chairperson of the arbitration tribunal of the professional football leagues (Ständiges Schiedsgerichts für Vereine und Kapitalgesellschaften der Lizenzligen der ersten und zweiten Fußball-Bundesliga); chairperson of the Board of Trustees of the Brost Foundation.

    Education / Academic Background
    1986 – 1990 Judge at the Local Court Ottweiler and the Regional Court Saarbrücken
    1990 - 2011 member of the Saarland state parliament
    1994 - 1999 chairperson oft the CDU state parliamentary group
    1995 – 2011 state chairperson of the CDU Saar and member of the CDU federal Executive Commitee
    1999 - 2011 Prime Minister of the state of Saarland
    2011 - 2023 Judge at the Federal Constitutional Court (Second Senat)
    Since   2024 columnist for the Süddeutsche Zeitung

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Director of the Landesverbandes der Jüdischen Gemeinden in Hessen

    Education / Academic Background
    Fully qualified lawyer / Attorney at law

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Since 20 years active with the Landesverband Jüdischer Gemeinden
    14 years of serving as an arbitrator with the Schiedsgericht at the Central Council of Jews in Germany

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Judicial Clerk at the Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof)– First Criminal Panel: appeals against judgements by the Regional Courts of Baden-Wuerttembergs and Bavaria without Middle- and Lower Franconia, appeals in tax and customs offences (since September 2024)
    President of the Gerichts beim Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland (honorary position): statutory disputes, employment law disputes, disputes relating to matters concerning the Jewish community (since January 2023)

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied law at the universities of Passau (1998 – 2004) and Toulouse (France, 2001 - 2002) (Degrees: First State Examination, Maîtrise en droit mention droit des affaires), Master’s Degree in European Law at the Universität Würzburg (2004 – 2006), Legal Clerkship at the Higher Regional Court Nürnberg (2005 – 2007), Second State Examination in law

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Legal Clerkship with an attorney at law specialized in restitution in Ramat Gan (Israel, 2007), working as a judge at the Regional Court Munich II as well as the Local Court Munich (2012 – 2015, 2017 – 2021), contact person for anti-semitism at the Munich Public Prosecutor’s Office I (2022 - 2024), President of a court of a religious community at the federal level (2023 – present)

  • Historian

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Head of the international transdisciplinary research project Ideologies in National Socialism, www.ns-ideologies.org Editor of the ongoing publication “Politik, Ideologie und Wissenschaft
    Publication series on the Diaries of the SS Scholary Department (Diensttagebücher des SS-Ahnenerbe), as well as an accompanying volume on their looting of cultural property. Department of History at the Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf – Contemporary history with a focus on National Socialism (until 2025)
    Department of International Relations at the Universität Stuttgart – History of international relations with a focus on looting of cultural property in the 20th and 21st centuries (since 2024)

    Education / Academic Background
    Doctorate (Dr. phil) on the history of National Socialism
    Doctorate (Dr. rer. med.) on pharmaceutical research in concentration camps
    Lecturer and researcher at various universities and scientific institutions in Germany and abroad, specializing in National Socialism since 2015

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Research focus on the history of National Socialism:
    Author and editor of numerous academic publications on Nazi history;
    Expert opinions in the context of restitution proceedings, with expertise in legal and economic issues (plausibility checks in the areas of corporate law, real estate law, trust structures, asset transfers, balance sheets, tax authorities, etc.),on the circumstances pertaining to the loss of cultural property as a result of Nazi persecution (plausibility checks of administrative responsibilities and patterns of action, reconstruction of processes of confiscation, auction, or forced sale, etc.), and in the assessment of the private and business financial situations of those affected in a historical context;
    Artistic exploration of the persecution of Shoah survivors – and exhibition of this work in various countries. www.wsh2022.de.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Mayor of the independent city of Schweinfurt/ Bavaria
    Culture and Human Resources Officer
    Member of the Legal and Constitutional Committee of the Association of German Cities (Deutscher Städtetag)
    Co-opted member of the board of the Bayerischer Städtetag

    Education / Academic Background
    1989 Abitur at the Walther-Rathenau-Gymnasium Schweinfurt
    1989- 1990 Military Service First Lieutenant (Reserve, Oberleutnant d. R. )
    1990 - 1997 studied law at the Julius-Maximilian-Universität Würzburg and the Universidad Católica Santiago de Chile
    1999 Second State Examination in law
    1999 - 2010 worked as an attorney at law and specialist for inheritance law in a law firm in Schweinfurt
    2010 Election as mayor of the city of Schweinfurt

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Upon assuming the office of mayor, responsible for the cultural affairs department of the city of Schweinfurt and thus for the Georg Schäfer Museum, which houses the most significant private collection of 19th-century art from the German-speaking world. Since then, involved in the issue of Nazi-looted cultural property. Since 2016, the museum has been conducting provenance research with co-financing from the city of Schweinfurt and the Dr. Georg Schäfer Foundation.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Judge at the Higher Social Court Nordrhein-Westfalen (in Essen)

    Education / Academic Background
    Judge and Military Officer

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Judge in ghetto pension proceedings for compensation of Nazi victims

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Judge at the Family Court in Berlin

    Education / Academic Background
    First and Second State Examination in law (Universität Freiburg and Land Berlin) as well as doctorate in law

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Judge since 2019, mainly in family law, which by its very nature requires a great deal of balancing of interests and tact / voluntary work in various organizations, including. deputy chairperson of the Bund traditioneller Juden; member of the Runder Tisch antisemitische Gewalt in Berlin; founding and establishing the association Kahal Adass Jisroel e.V., particularly political work

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Professor for Commercial Law at the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin
    Of Counsel at the law firm Feldmar Law

    Education / Academic Background
    2001-2006 studied law at the Freie Universität Berlin and Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
    2006 First State Examination in law before the Joint Legal Examination Office of the States of Berlin and Brandenburg
    2006 Award from the Freie Universitä Berlin for the best First State Examination in law
    2001 -2006 Scholarship holder of the German Academic Scholarship Foundation (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes)
    2008-2010 Legal Clerkship at the Higher Regional Court Berlin  
    2010 Second State Examination in law before the Joint Legal Examination Office of the States of Berlin and Brandenburg
    2011 Doctorate at the Freie Universität Berlin

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    2011-2013 Attorney at RAUE LLP, specializing in art and restitution law, copyright law, among other areas
    2013-2016 Attorney at NOERR LLP, specializing in copyright law, among other areas
    2016-2018 Attorney at own law firm, Dr. Schapiro, specializing in art and restitution law, copyright law, among other areas
    Since 2018 Research and expert opinions in the fields of art, restitution, and copyright law, among others

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    President of the Higher Regional Court of Hamm and presiding judge of the First Civil Division of the Higher Regional Court of Hamm

    Education / Academic Background
    1967 born in Gelsenkirchen
    Studied law in Marburg
    From 1996 Judge at various local and regional courts in North Rhine-Westphalia
    Since 2006 Judge at the Higher Regional Court of Hamm
    From 2008 In addition to judicial duties, assignment to various administrative departments of the Higher Regional Court of Hamm
    2010 Seconded to the Ministry of Justice of North Rhine-Westphalia, as head of the budget department
    2012 Appointed undersecretary (Leitende Ministerialrätin) at the Ministry of Justice of North Rhine-Westphalia, taking over the position of deputy head of the central department
    2016 Appointed President of the State Judicial Examination Office, taking the position of head of the department for training and further education, training in the legal professions and recruitment of young talent, as well as for supporting the documentation and research center “Justiz und Nationalsozialismus” in the Ministry of Justice of North Rhine-Westphalia
    2017 Head of the Department for Budget, Real Estate Matters and Organization of the Courts and Public Prosecutor's Offices in the Ministry of Justice of North Rhine-Westphalia
    2021 Appointed as President of the Higher Regional Court of Hamm and assumed position of Presiding Judge of the First Civil Division of the Higher Regional Court of Hamm

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Involved in conflict and problem resolution as a judge and in administrative roles for decades.
    Head of the largest Higher Regional Court of Germany with wide range of administration;  responsible for maintaining the important culture of remembrance of the injustices committed under National Socialism, for example by organizing specific events

  • Historian, Provenance research

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Head of Provenance Research and Archives at the Städel Museum and Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung, Frankfurt am Main

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied art history, German literature, American literary history, and cultural history in Freiburg, Amherst (University of Massachusetts), and Munich. Doctorate in American cultural history on the reception of African art and jazz in Paris and New York in the 1920s and 1930s (LMU München). Research assistant at the American Institute at LMU München and at the Department of American Studies at FAU Erlangen.

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    2006-2014 Curatorial Assistant and Provenance Specialist at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Since 2014 Head of Provenance Research at the Städel Museum and Liebieghaus. 2018 participant in the German-American Provenance Research Exchange (Los Angeles/München). Publications in exhibition catalogs and academic publications on the topics of provenance research and the history of objects, collections, and institutions, as well as involvement in exhibition projects.

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Attorney-at-law

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied law at the Universität Wien, Doctorate
    Doctor of Economics (Dr. rer. soc. oec.)
    University of Economics, Vienna: Doctorate (business administration)
    2001 appointed as Judge at the European Court for Human Rights (ECHR), Strasbourg
    From 2011 to 2015 Vice-President of Section I of the ECHR
    Lecturer at various European and non-European universities
    Since 2019 member of the International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS)
    Since May 2019 Vice President of the Appeals Division of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Co-negotiator of the 2001 Washington Agreement
    Judge at the ECHR also in matters relating to restitution
    Advising in restitution cases as an attorney-at-law

  • Sociologist, Historian

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Professor Emeritus of Sociology
    Academic College Tel Aviv

    Education / Academic Background
    From 1977, studied sociology, psychology, history, and philosophy in Tel Aviv. In 1984, transferred to Columbia University in New York City, and in 1992 received his Ph.D. from Columbia University on The Sociology of Compassion. Taught at Columbia University, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and LMU München. From 1996 to 2023 he was holding a chair in sociology at the Academic College of Tel Aviv, teaching courses on the sociology of the Holocaust.

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    More than 20 years of research on Nazi-looted cultural property, particularly on issues of legislation and restitution practices, against the backdrop that the genocide of the Jews in Europe was preceded and accompanied by looting and theft. Many years of research on the Jewish organization “Jewish Cultural Reconstruction,” which campaigned for the return of Nazi-looted cultural property, as well as on Hannah Arendt, memory, and the Shoah.

  • Art Historian, Provenance research

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Independent Provenance Researcher

    Education / Academic Background
    1995 Magister Artium, Universität zu Köln
    1998 Doctorate, Universität zu Köln

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Studied art history, classical archaeology, and prehistory and early history in Münster and Cologne.
    From 1999 to 2003, museum assistant and research projects on the Nazi era including provenance research at the Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne. International research projects on individual works and collections with regard to art and cultural property possibly lost as a result of Nazi persecution. Reconstruction of art collections and scientific research on collectors, institutions, intermediaries, and networks.
    Since 2000, independent provenance researcher in Cologne.
    2000 Initiator and founding member of the international Arbeitskreis Provenienzforschung e.V. (Research Association for Provenance Research)
    2001 Conception and organization of the colloquium “Museen im Zwielicht – Ankaufspolitik 1933-1945” in Cologne
    2011-2013 Spokesperson for the Arbeitskreis Provenienzforschung e.V.
    2012-2014 Member of the advisory board of the Koordinierungsstelle Magdeburg (now the German Lost Art Foundation (Stiftung Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste), Magdeburg)
    2014 to 2018 Lecturer in provenance research, Universität zu Köln, Institute of Art History, specializing in the art market.
    2018-2020 Managing partner of TERLAU & VOIGT, Cologne
    2021 Awarded the Order of Merit with ribbon of the Federal Republic of Germany (Verdienstkreuz am Bande des Verdienstordens) by Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier for services and commitment to provenance research.
    www.provenienzforschung.de

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Chair of Public Law and Law of Public Finance at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied law in Bayreuth, Fribourg/Switzerland, München and at the Verwaltungshochschule Speyer; Second State Law Examination in Munich; Doctorate and Habilitation in Munich. Venia Legendi for Constitutional und Administrative Law, Tax Law, European Law, Constitutional and Administrative History

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Research in the field of constitutional and administrative history under National Socialism; alternative dispute resolution in the university sector (examination boards and doctoral examination boards) and in amicable negotiations based on Concordats between the Holy See and Germany

  • Jurist

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Attorney-at-law, lecturer and advisor on international humanitarian law and international law

    Education / Academic Background
    Doctorate in law,
    Completion of two Master’s Degrees (LL.M., LL.M.)

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    External advisor to the Israeli Government on matters relating to the Holocaust and the rights of survivors,
    Member of the Israeli Ministry of Justice's Expert Council on the laws of National Socialism

  • Art Historian, Provenance research

    Current Professional Position / Area of Responsibility
    Provenance researcher and art historian

    Education / Academic Background
    Studied art history at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, the Sorbonne Université Paris and the Freie Universität Berlin. Earned a master's degree with a thesis on Gerdy Troost’s role in the art market under National Socialism, written at the Research Centre for ‘Degenerate Art’ at the Freie Universität Berlin.

    Relevant Experience / Specialization / Involvement in the subject area of the Court of Arbitration for Nazi-Looted Cultural Property
    Several years’ experience as a provenance researcher in the Restitution department at Christie's auction house. Most recently worked as lead provenance researcher for a project at the Museumsverband Thüringen investigating collection pieces illegally confiscated as a result of Nazi persecution. Member of the Arbeitskreis Provenienzforschung e.V. (Research Association for Provenance Research).